Abstraction-Création
was a cosmopolitan group of Modernist artists founded in Paris in 1931 which existed until 1937.
Abusch, Alexander
1902-1982, German journalist and publicist, emigrated to France after the Nazis came to power, continued later to Mexico; remigration to the GDR in 1946 where he became a culture functionary
Academic Assistance Council
Aid organisation in England that offered assistance to scientists and academics in particular
Ackermann, Max
(1887-1975), painter and graphic artist, 1936 ban on his Seminar on Absolute Painting at the Volkshochschule Stuttgart by the Nazis
Adorno, Theodor W.
1903-1969, important German philosopher and sociologist, was co-founder together with Max Horkheimer (1895-1973) of the so-called Frankfurt School or Critical Theory; was Director for many years at the Frankfurt Institute of Social Research; was also a scholar of music theory and a composer
Affidavit of sponsorship
also known as a moral affidavit; a kind of character reference required back then to apply for a visa to enter the USA.
Affidavit of Support
Financial guarantee needed to apply for a visa in the United States.
Agitation
Describes the act of influencing others politically and/or refers to political educational work and promotion in the form of speeches and publications in favour of political or social goals in order to move a large number of people to joint reaction.
Agnon, Samuel Joseph
1888-1970, born in Galicia, he wrote in Hebraic. As a Zionist, he lived from 1908 onwards in Palestine.
Aichinger, Ilse
born 1921, Austrian writer who lived with her mother in Vienna during Nazi rule. A “half-Jew”, as long as she was a minor, her mother was able to protect her from deportation. When she came of age, she was then kept hidden by her mother in their one-room apartment until the end of the war.
Aktionsgruppe Banat
A group of German-speaking school pupils and students in Temeswar (Rumania), that published critical texts. They established themselves in 1972 and were dissolved by the secret police force Securitate in 1975.
Alfaro Siqueiros, David
1896-1974, Mexican painter and graphic artist
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
A Jewish aid organisation set up in the USA in 1914 to help Jews all over the world.
Anderson, Robin
also known as Robin Hay Anderson, born in 1913, British actor and writer
André, Etkar
1894 – 1936, German communist politician in the KPD, resistance fighter, arrested on 5 March 1933 and executed following an unjust trial in Hamburg on 10 July 1936.
Antinazi-Freiheitsbewegung (Anti-Nazi Freedom Movement)
Exile organisation of German opponents of Hitler in Columbia, 1941 – 1943
Aragon, Louis
(1897-1982), French writer
Arendt, Hannah
1906-1975, German-American philosopher and journalist, her main works were The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) and Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil (1963) which were much-discussed contributions towards examining fascism under the Nazis
Arp, Hans
(1886-1966), French-German painter, considered one of the most important representatives of Dadaism and Surrealism. He was a member of the Abstraction-Création group.
Arx, Cäsar von
1895–1949, Swiss playwright and director, wrote above all historical dramas and festival plays. In 1938 he helped Kaiser to go into exile in Switzerland.
Asch, Schalom
1880-1957, Yiddish writer, emigrated from Poland via Southern to the USA, had regular contact during his time in Nice with the emigrants living there; several translations of his books were published by German exile publishers.
Asquith, Margot
1864 – 1945, Countess of Oxford and Asquith, British writer and wife of British Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith
Auden, Wystan H.
(1907-1973), English writer/poet. In 1935, he married Erika Mann. Auden moved in 1939 to New York, in 1946 he took US citizenship.
Aurora-Verlag
An exile publishing house founded by Wieland Herzfelde, among others, in 1944 in the USA.
Ausländer, Rose
1901–1988, a Jewish lyricist from Bukovina who spoke German and English; she also lived in Austria-Hungary, Romania, the USA, Austria and Germany.
Ávila Camacho, Manuel
1897-1955, Mexican politician and brigadier general, from 1940-1946 President of the Republic of Mexico.
Georg Friedrich Alexan
(1901-1995), writer and journalist, who moved from Germany to Paris in 1931, was born Georg Kupfermann.
