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  • August 1944

    The Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees announces that 1 to 2 million people have been made stateless throughout the world as a result of the war.

  • 27 January 1945

    The Red Army liberates the Auschwitz concentration camp
  • Poster: declaration, Allies
    The Allies decalre their goals from World War II
    Bundesarchiv, Plak 004-005-001, graphic designer: not stated

    4 February 1945

    The Yalta Conference begins
    Auf der Konferenz von Jalta wollen sich die Staatschefs Josef Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt und Winston Churchill über das militärisch-politische Vorgehen in der Schlussphase des Zweiten Weltkrieges verständigen.

  • 4 May 1945

    Capitulation of the German Wehrmacht in Denmark, the Netherlands and north-west Germany
  • Photograph: unconditional surrender
    The unconditional surrender of the German Wehrmacht is signed in Berlin-Karlshorst on 8 May 1945.
    Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R77767, photographer: not stated

    8 May 1945

    Germany's unconditional surrender marks the end of the Second World War in Europe.

  • 25 May 1945

    Inaugural meeting of the Organisation for the Protection of German Writers in Switzerland
  • Newspaper page: Berlin Declaration
    Special edition of the Kölnische Kurier newspaper: Berlin Declaration (5 June 1945)
    Bundesarchiv, ZSG/2-256-9, graphic designer: not stated

    5 June 1945

    Berlin Declaration signed
    With the Berlin declaration, the victors – the Soviet Union, the U.S.
  • Poster: re-establishment of parties
    Command No. 2 of the Soviet Military Administration for the re-establishment of parties and trade unions (11 June 1945)
    Bundesarchiv, DX 1/12, graphic designer: not stated

    June 1945

    Re-establishment of political parties
    The Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) approves the establishment “anti-fascist parties” and trade unions in Berlin. Subsequently in June 1945 the German Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Christian Democratic Union are founded.

  • 1 July 1945

    The Palucca Dance School reopens in Dresden. German dancer Gret Palucca - stigmatised by the Nazis as a "half-Jew" - was forced to close her school in 1939.
  • Photograph: Potsdam Conference
    Potsdam Conference
    Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R67561, photographer: not stated 

    17 July 1945

    Potsdam Conference begins
    In Potsdam the so-called “Big Three” – Soviet leader Josef Stalin, US President Harry S. Truman and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee discuss the way ahead and agree that Germany should be denazified, democratised and demilitarised.