arts in exile

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• 14 July 1933

  The "Law for the Revocation of Naturalisation and Withdrawal of German Citizenship" is passed. The law aims to expatriate Jews who had become German citizens during the Weimar Republic and confiscate their wealth.
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  Reich Legal Gazette with the "Law Against the New Formation of Parties"

  Reichsgeseztesblatt, issue from 15 July 1933, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin

  14 July 1933

  The "Law Against the New Formation of Parties" is passed, banning all parties except the NSDAP.
• 15 July 1933

  The Cultural Association of German Jews established for Jewish artists affected by the employment ban.
  The Bund is founded as a self-help organisation for Jewish artists in Berlin with the approval of the Nazi regime. Among other things, it organises theatre performances, concerts and exhibitions, Only Jews can join.
• 20 July 1933

  Members of the Bauhaus Institute decide to voluntarily dissolve the organisation on the initiative of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
• August 1933

  Signing of the Ha'avara Agreement between the Zionist Association of Germany and the Reich Ministry of Economics, which is aimed at enabling German Jews to emigrate to Palestine.
  The Agreement was a treaty to transfer wealth based on the principle of “goods in exchange for people", whereby capital in Germany is paid into escrow accounts and used to buy German goods to be shipped to Palestine. There, the person who has deposited the money receives something equivalent in value, e.
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  First expatriation list, published, 25. August 1933 on the cover of the Deutschen Reichsanzeiger 1933

  Staatsbibliothek Berlin

  25 August 1933

  The Deutscher Reichsanzeiger publishes the First Denaturalisation List on its front page, listing the names of artists and opposition figures deemed undesirable by the Nazis.
  The expatriated artists and writers also include Lion Feuchtwanger, Heinrich Mann, Willi Münzenberg, Ernst Toller and Kurt Tucholsky.
• September 1933

  Between March and September an estimated 15,000 refugees from Germany seek asylum in the Netherlands.
• 17 September 1933

  The Reich Deputation of German Jews is established in Berlin
  In July 1939, a decree turns the Reich’s Deputation (Reichsvertretung) into the Reich's Association of the Jews in Germany (Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland). It is immediately placed under the auspices of the Reich Office for Jewish Emigration (Reichszentrale der jüdischen Auswanderung), which belongs to the Gestapo.
• 22 September 1933

  The "Reich Chamber of Culture Law" is passed, aimed at centralising cultural production and fostering a racially homogenous cultural life under Nazi guidance. Only members of one of the various Reich Chambers of Culture are allowed to exercise artistic professions.
• Autumn 1933

  Establishment of the Exile University under the umbrella of the New School for Social Research in New York
  By 1945 the Exile University has helped more than 170 scholars who had fled Europe enter American academia.