Marlene Dietrich became an American citizen in 1939. She proved on a daily basis which side she stood on in the war between her old and her new homes: the actress and singer toured the United States from 24 January 1942 to 9 September 1943 and promoted war bonds. She brought in more money for the US Treasury than any other show star. In a tour along the west coast during this period she sang before more than 250,000 soldiers who were about to leave for overseas service. She also visited military hospitals. When her lover Jean Gabin left America in January 1944 to fight for the “Free French”, she enlisted in the United Service Organization (USO). She wanted to entertain the American troops in Europe. As her army identification card reveals, she was promoted under her married name Marie M. Sieber to the rank of captain as a non-combatant. She was first sent to North Africa and then to Italy. She continued her tour after a three-month break. Between September 1944 and July 1945, she toured England, France and Germany. Immediately after the war she appeared on stage again in Berlin. She went almost unnoticed by the locals but was celebrated by Americans.