Shtetl
villages in the Russian Czarist Empire mainly located in rural areas and with a mainly Jewish population.
Siemsen, August
(1884-1958) socialist politician and educationalist. After fleeing to Switzerland in 1933, he moved as an expatriate to Argentina in 1936. There, Siemsen founded a school based on Pestalozzi’s educational principles and published the journal Das andere Deutschland [The Other Germany].
Sigurdsson, Sigrid
Born in Oslo in 1943, studied at Hamburg University of Fine Arts. Her works explore the themes of memory and remembrance. She has cooperated with institutions such as the Osthaus Museum in Hagen and the Historical Museum in Frankfurt to create memorial installations in the form of “open archives” which house the stories and memories of the people in the region.
Simon, Ernst
(1899-1988): religious philosopher, active in Frankfurt and from 1934 in Jerusalem
Sinclair, Lewis
(1885-1951), American writer, 1930 Nobel Prize for Literature
Singer, Kurt
1885-1944, neurologist, conductor, musicologist, researcher in the field of musicians’ health. 1933 Founder of the Kulturbund Deutscher Juden in Berlin, working as a conductor and choirmaster. 1938 Emigration to the Netherlands, there once more involved in organising cultural events. 1943 Deportation to Theresienstadt, died as a result of the conditions there.
Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany (SAPD)
Left-wing socialist Marxist party that existed between 1933 and 1945 and campaigned in its members’ countries of exile against the Nazis.
Soviet occupation zone
SOZ, 1945-1949, also known as Eastern occupation zone, one of the four zones into which Germany was divided after the end of the Second World War was geographically the area of the later German Democratic Republic.
Sozialdemokratische Flüchtlingsfürsorge (Social Democratic welfare assistance for refugees)
An aid organisation set up in Prague by the exiled leaders of the SPD (Social Democratic Party of Germany) and others
Spartacist uprising
General strike and armed struggle from 5 to 12 January 1919 in Berlin. During the unrest, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht were murdered. The November revolution was violently suppressed.
