Suhrkamp, Peter
1891-1959, German publisher. Directed the S. Fischer publishing house during the Nazi era and founded the Suhrkamp publishing house in 1950.
ter Braak, Menno
1902-1940, Dutch writer and literary critic. He committed suicide on the day of Dutch capitulation.
The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui
A parable from 1941 written by Bertolt Brecht while in exile in Finland that parodies Hitler’s seizure of power in a story set in the American gangster scene.
Toni Kesten
(1904-1977), née Warowitz, wife of Hermann Kesten (married in 1929), succeeded in fleeing via Marseille and Lisbon to New York after her internment in Gurs.
Toscanini, Arturo
1867-1957, in Italien geborener US-amerikanischer Dirigent. Nach anfänglicher Sympathie für Benito Mussolini war Toscanini bereits seit den 1920er Jahren stark gegen Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus eingestellt. 1937 Emigration in die USA, dort Leiter des NBC Symphony Orchestra; zahlreiche Schallplatteneinspielungen und Gastdirigate. Förderte jüngere Kollegen.
Truppe 1931
Left-wing theatre group of German members of the Genossenschaft Deutscher Bühnenangehöriger (Guild of the German Stage) and the Schutzverband Deutscher Schriftsteller (Association of German Authors) in the Laubenheimer Platz artists colony in Berlin-Wilmersdorf, founded in 1931 by Gustav von Wangenheim. Many of their members feld to Paris in 1933 and remained there or went to Moscow in the summer of 1934.
UFA
A large German film company that was set up under the name Universum Film AG in 1917. After the end of World War I, UFA produced elaborate entertainment films which are seen to have stylistically paved the way for other silent movies. The film company was handed over to the NSDAP in 1933. Following World War II, it was reprivatized and is an umbrella organisation with eight subsidiaries in film and television today.
Uhlmann, Fred
1901-1985, was a lawyer, painter and author. In 1933 he went into exile, moving first to France and then Great Britain. He achieved notoriety thanks to the success of his autobiography The Making of an Englishman.
UNHCR
1950 gegründetes Flüchtlingshilfswerk der Vereinten Nationen (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees).
Unitarian Service Committee
The Unitarian Service Committee of the American Unitarian Church played a significant role in assisting refugees in Lisbon and in helping newly arrived immigrants to integrate in the US.
